DASAR-DASAR FOTOGRAFI
Daftar Isi
Fotografi: Permasalahan, Sejarah dan Keadaan Sekarang 7
Peranan Fotografi dalam Kehidupan 7
Keberadaan Cahaya dalam Fotografi 7
PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR FOTOGRAFI 8
CAHAYA: TERBENTUKNYA SEBUAH CITRA GAMBAR 8
Objek bercahaya dan tak bercahaya 8
EXSPOSURE: PEMBUATAN GAMBAR FOTOGRAFI 8
Kepekaan Media Terhadap Cahaya 8
Pengukuran Matik (Matrix Metering) 8
Pengukuran Titik (Spot Metering) 8
Pengukuran Terpusat (Centered Weight Metering) 8
Citra Gambar Digital (Digital Image) 8
CITRA GAMBAR DIGITAL: Perangkat Keras dan Lunak 9
Pemilihan dan Pemanfaatan Media 9
Pemindai Gambar (Image Scenner) 9
ASESORIS: Perangkat Penunjang 9
Penyangga Bahu (Shoulder Mount) 9
Kotak Cahaya Lembut dan Payung (Softbox and Umbrella Light) 9
Pemantul Cahaya (Reflector) 10
Kabel Audio dan Video (AV Cable) 10
Kabel Tenaga (Charger and Power Cords) 10
Titik Berat (rule of third) 11
Latar Depan dan Latar Belakang 11
Gelap Terang dengan Teknik Sistem Zona 11
Menentukan Zona Detil, Bayangan dan Bagian Terang, 11
Cahaya Seadanya (Available Light Photo) 12
Benda Bergerak dan Efek Gerak Buatan 12
Cabang-cabang dan Tokoh Fotografi 13
Potret (Portrait Photography) 13
Foto Wajah (Headshot Photography) 13
Foto Fesyen (Fashion Photography) 13
Foto Mewah (Glamor Photography) 14
Foto Tokoh (Celebrity Photography) 14
Foto Telanjang (Nude Photography) 14
Foto Pernikahan (Wedding Photography) 14
Foto Anak (Child Photography) 14
Kehidupan Manusia (Human Interest photography) 14
Foto Jalanan (Street Photography) 14
Foto Berita (Photojournalism) 14
Foto Dokementer (Documentary photography) 14
Olah Raga (Sport photography) 14
Benda Diam (Still Life Photography) 14
Foto Makanan (Food Photography) 14
Foto Iklan (Advertising Photography) 14
Alam dan Kehidupan Satwa Liar (Nature and Wild Life) 14
Foto Seni (Fine Art Photography) 14
Foto Perjalanan (Travel Photography) 15
Foto Bangunan (Architectural Photography) 15
PENGANTAR FOTOGRAFI
Pengertian Fotografi
Fotografi: Permasalahan, Sejarah dan Keadaan Sekarang
Peranan Fotografi dalam Kehidupan
Keberadaan Cahaya dalam Fotografi
Bersikap terhadap Fotografi
Fotografi dalam Pendidikan
PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR FOTOGRAFI
CAHAYA: TERBENTUKNYA SEBUAH CITRA GAMBAR
Cahaya
Panjang Gelombang dan Warna
Bagian Terang dan Bayangan
Intensitas Cahaya dan Jarak
Objek bercahaya dan tak bercahaya
EXSPOSURE: PEMBUATAN GAMBAR FOTOGRAFI
Tabir Rana
Celah Diagfragma
Kepekaan Media Terhadap Cahaya
Pengukuran Cahaya
Pengukuran Matik (Matrix Metering)
Pengukuran Titik (Spot Metering)
Pengukuran Terpusat (Centered Weight Metering)
Cahaya Normal
Sistem bracketing
Lensa dan Fokus
Fokus Manual
Fokus Otomatis
Ruang Tajam
Citra Gambar Digital (Digital Image)
Pengertian
Keberadaan Gambar Digital
Pembuatan Gambar Digital
Pengolahan Gambar Digital
PERANGKAT KERAS
KAMERA
Jenis Kamera
Cara Kerja Kamera
LENSA
Jenis Lensa
Karakteristik Lensa
Lensa untuk Tujuan Tertentu
Lensa Khusus
CITRA GAMBAR DIGITAL: Perangkat Keras dan Lunak
Komputer
Sistem Operasi
Aplikasi Komputer
Pemilihan dan Pemanfaatan Media
Pemindai Gambar (Image Scenner)
Mesin Cetak (Printer)
ASESORIS: Perangkat Penunjang
Tas
Tas Kamera
Tas Lensa
Tas Lampu Kilat
Tali Sabuk
Penyangga
Peyangga Tunggal (Monopod)
Kaki Tiga (Tripod)
Penyangga Bahu (Shoulder Mount)
Lampu dan Pemantul Cahaya
Lampu Kilat (Flash)
Kotak Cahaya Lembut dan Payung (Softbox and Umbrella Light)
Pemantul Cahaya (Reflector)
Kabel
Kabel Audio dan Video (AV Cable)
Kabel Komputer
Kabel Tenaga (Charger and Power Cords)
Kabel Lampu Kilat
Lensa Bidik (View Finder)
Eyespieces
Focussing Screen
View Finder
Filter
UV/Skylight (1A)
Polarizers
Neutral Density
Macro Filters
Color Balance
Soft Focus
Tiffen Ultra Contrast
Infrared
Hot Mirror
Color Correction Math
Seni Fotografi
Elemen Seni Fotografi
Garis
Bentuk
Rupa
Teksture
Pola
Warna
Ruang Tajam
Kesederhanaan (simplicity)
Komposisi
Keseimbangan
Simetrik
Tidak Simetrik
Proporsi
Ritme
Tata Letak
Titik Berat (rule of third)
Kebermaknaan (Golden Mean)
Kesatuan
Arah
Perpektif
Aksen
Latar Depan dan Latar Belakang
Gelap Terang dengan Teknik Sistem Zona
Pengukuran
Karakter Rentang Cahaya
Menentukan Zona Detil, Bayangan dan Bagian Terang,
Teknis Khusus
Cahaya Seadanya (Available Light Photo)
Pencahayaan Panggung
Foto Malam Hari
Benda Bergerak dan Efek Gerak Buatan
Cabang-cabang dan Tokoh Fotografi
Potret (Portrait Photography)
Foto Wajah (Headshot Photography)
Foto Fesyen (Fashion Photography)
Donald McPherson:
This high profile fashion photographer is known for his fine sense in fashion and the ability of capturing the same on camera. Donald McPherson began his career as an assistant with several other photographers. He worked with some of the most renowned names in the fashion industry and soon carved a niche for himself in fashion photography. Donald McPherson is known as one of the most famous fashion photographers in Europe. He was also known for shooting one of the most expensive shoots ever known till date. Donald McPherson added more feathers to his cap when he worked with big time celebrities such as Tom Cruise, Keira Knightly, New Order and Gwen Stefani to name a few. His talent also landed him with some top-notch assignments with leading fashion magazines such as The Russian Vogue, Vanity Fair, Harper's Bazaar and V. New York Times Magazine.
Nigel Barker:
This is one famous fashion photographer who is also one of the hottest celebrities around! Nigel Barker studied medicine but perhaps it was due to his mother, he ended up in a model hunt program, which launched Nigel on a modeling career. He continued in the world of modeling for the next ten years. This brought Nigel really close to the fashion world, and he found himself drawn in the world of fashion. It also made him realize that fashion photography is his ultimate goal and this saw his career turn towards fashion photography. Nigel Barker began his own studio for photography and his photographs were used for some of the top names in the fashion world. Currently, Nigel remains to be a popular judge for beauty contests as well as reality shows.
Albert Watson:
Born in Edinburgh, Albert Watson is a famous fashion photographer who began his career with some of the leading names in the fashion world. He is found associated with names of leading magazines such as Vogue, The Face, Newsweek and Rolling Stone. Albert Watson's creative work in fashion is also used for some of the leading brand names such as Revlon, Levi's and even Chanel. This creative steak in him saw him overcome all odds despite suffering from blindness in one eye. Along with his creative works in fashion photography, Albert Watson also continues to write on photography as well.
Bruce Weber:
This famous American fashion photographer had his first tryst with the fashion world in the year 1070 (GQ magazine). He first received rave reviews for his photographs used by the designer name - Calvin Klien. These images captured for Calvin Klien saw him scale new heights in fashion photography. Bruce Weber soon captured images for many other leading names in the business. The trademark of Bruce Weber's photography has been his use of black and white tones. He also had a long association with Abercrombie & Fitch. Apart from launching the career of famous models, he is also known for his fashionable works for brands such as Ralph Lauren and GQ magazine.
Helmut Newton:
This German Australian fashion photographer had a deep interest in photography from an early age. He began his career by working with a German photographer and had a brief stint as a photographer with the Straits Times. After dabbling in other professions along the way, he began work as a fashion photographer in the very fashionable Paris. It was just a matter of time and Helmut Newton's works appeared on the covers of most fashion magazines including the cover of the French Vogue. Helmut Newton was known particularly for shooting nudes. Currently, his works are on display at the Museum of Photography, which is close to the Berlin Zoo railway station.
Foto Mewah (Glamor Photography)
Foto Tokoh (Celebrity Photography)
Foto Telanjang (Nude Photography)
Foto Pernikahan (Wedding Photography)
Foto Anak (Child Photography)
Kehidupan Manusia (Human Interest photography)
Foto Jalanan (Street Photography)
Foto Berita (Photojournalism)
War Photography
Fire Photography
Candid Photography
Foto Dokementer (Documentary photography)
Olah Raga (Sport photography)
Benda Diam (Still Life Photography)
Foto Makanan (Food Photography)
Foto Iklan (Advertising Photography)
Alam dan Kehidupan Satwa Liar (Nature and Wild Life)
Nature Photography
Landscape Photography
Wildlife Photography
Underwater Photography
Cloudscape Photography
Macro Photography
Aerial Photography
Foto Ilmiah
Astrophotography
Forensic Photography
Foto Seni (Fine Art Photography)
Foto Perjalanan (Travel Photography)
Foto Bangunan (Architectural Photography)
Foto Hitam Putih
Ansel Adams
We simply cannot miss out this prestigious name, when talking about famous black and white photographers. This America born photographer was also a well known environmentalist. He, along with Fred Archer, formulated the now world famous 'zone system', that enhances the quality of pictures. He also found the 'Group f/64', a group of seven photographers, with the same kind of photographing style. Their collection is exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art's photography department, today. Adams' timeless photographs could be seen in books, calenders and posters. His most famous photographs include - Monolith, The Face of Half Dome, Ice on Ellery Lake, Sierra Nevada and many more.
Arno Minkkinen
He is a Finland born photographer who is currently working in the United States. He is best known for his black and white photographs containing the juxtapose bodies, alongside beautiful landscaping. After completing a Master's degree in Fine Arts from Wagner College, he is now a professor, at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. He is the co-founder of the 'Spirit Level' workshops, held from the year 1996. His works can be seen in more than 50 famous art museums all over the world, including the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. His notable photographs are - Self-portrait, Beach Pond, Maija-Kaarina, Helsinki, etc.
James Nachtwey
Recognized as a war photographer, James Nachtwey is an American. He has been honored with the record number of 5 awards, including the 'Robert Capa Gold Medal' of the 'Overseas Press Club'. He is also famous for his film on photography and photojournalism. He got wounded while taking pictures, during the year 2003, in Baghdad. He has managed to capture many major events around the world with his camera, like - the 9/11 attacks on WTC, the tsunami in 2004, the Sudan conflict, the US invasion of Iraq and many more.
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Supposedly the father of the modern day photojournalism, Henri Cartier-Bresson was a French journalist. He made a major contribution in the 'real life reportage'. He is one of the revolutionary photographers to have adopted the 35mm range finder cameras. Died at the age of 95, Henri witnessed the Spanish civil war, the Paris liberation movement, the fall of Chen Yi Kuomintang and many historical moments. He was a very famous black and white photographer.
Robert Capa
Born in Budapest, Robert Capa was a 20th century self-proclaimed photojournalist. He was mostly famous as a combat photographer, as he covered as many as five wars, namely, the Spanish civil war, the Sino-Japanese war II, World War II, Arab-Israel War in1948 and the Indo-China war. He always emphasized on catching real life moments, rather than studying about the technical details. Capa is the co-founder of 'Magnum photos', along with Henri Cartier-Bresson. He had a sad end at the age of 40, while covering the first Indo-China war, when he stepped on a landmine.
Jacques Lartigue
He was a famous French photographer and a renowned painter. He started photography as a hobby at the age of six, and is mostly famous for Automobile racing photographs. Most of his earlier photographs were taken in the 'stereo' format but later he explored almost all the modern day photography techniques. His 120 photograph albums are his best visual autobiography. Lartigue captured many sporting events as well, including the French Open, the French Grand Prix and the Coupe Gordon Bennett of auto racing. The veteran photographer died in the year 1986.
